ABSTRACT
Background: Dermatophytosis is a commonly encountered superficial fungal infection in the tropical and subtropical countries. The present study was undertaken to study the clinicomycological profile of dermatophytosis and perform antifungal susceptibility testing for the isolated dermatophytes.Methods: This is 2 years cross- sectional observational study including 433 clinically suspected cases of dermatophytoses. Skin, hair and nails were collected, subjected to direct microscopy by Potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount and culture on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide. Positive growth on culture media was further identified by LPCB mount, slide culture test, growth on Dermatophyte Test Medium, pigment production in corn meal agar with 1% dextrose, urease test and hair perforation test. The isolated dermatophytes were subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing by agar based disc diffusion method.Results: Out of 433 samples, fungal filaments were seen in 308 (71.1%) samples by KOH mount, 259 (59.8%) dermatophytes were isolated from culture. Males (60.5%) were more commonly affected than females (39.5%). Most common age group affected was 21-30 years. Trichophyton mentagrophytes (57.5%) was the most common isolate followed by Trichophyton rubrum (30.1%). Tinea corporis was the most common clinical presentation (52.7%) followed by Tinea unguium (14.1%). Antifungal susceptibility testing showed itraconazole as the most sensitive antifungal agent, while fluconazole was least sensitive.Conclusions: This study provides a scope for assessment of prevalence and clinicomycological profile, which could help in estimation of the problem and hence prevent spread of dermatophytoses with adequate control measures.
ABSTRACT
Background: Nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli (nonfermenters) have emerged as a major concern for nosocomial infections. They exhibit resistance not only to the beta-lactam and other group of antibiotics but also to carbapenems. This study was undertaken to know the prevalence of nonfermenters from clinical samples along with their antimicrobial susceptibility profile.Methods: A cross-sectional study over a period of 21 months in the microbiology laboratory of a tertiary care hospital was done. Clinical samples were processed by conventional bacteriological methods for isolation and identification. Susceptibility testing was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute.Results: 411 nonfermenters (13.18%) were isolated from 3116 culture positive clinical samples. Out of these nonfermenters, most were Acinetobacter baumannii (51.34%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (42.09%), Burkholderia cepacia complex (4.38%) and others (2.19%). Others included Burkholderia pseudomellei, Acinetobacter lwoffii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Highest sensitivity to gentamicin and amikacin were shown by A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa respectively while both were mostly resistant to ceftriaxone. Burkholderia and Stenotrophomonas species showed 100% sensitivity to cotrimoxazole. A. baumannii was the most prevalent nonfermenter in intensive care units.Conclusions: Timely identification of nonfermenters and monitoring their susceptibility patterns will help in proper management of infections caused by them. Improved antibiotic stewardship and infection control measures should be implemented to prevent nosocomial infections and spread of drug resistant nonfermenters.
ABSTRACT
Human infections by Chromobacterium violaceum are rare. Till date 6 cases have been reported from southern and eastern parts of India. We report here a case of puerperal sepsis by C. violaceum, probably the first case from Eastern part of Orissa. The patient was successfully treated with amikacin and gatifloxacin.